Antihyperglycemic Mechanisms of Allium sativum, Citrus sinensis and Persea americana
Extracts: Effects on Inhibition of Digestive Enzymes, Glucose Adsorption and Absorption
on Yeast Cells and Psoas Muscles.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic disorder of carbohydrates, fats and proteins
resulting in an inability of insulin action and/or secretion.
T2DM is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with perturbations of glucose homeostasis
due to absence of regulation of postprandial glycaemia. Postprandial glyceamia is at the onset
of disturbances of glucose tolerance which appears earlier before high-levels of fasting blood glucose.
Several factors influence postprandial glycaemia: foods rich in carbohydrates, glucose
digestion and absorption, insulin secretion as a result of rise of glucose levels, incretins actions
and glucose intake by cells.
Postprandial glucose is also associated to protein glycosylation to the generation
of reactive oxygen species which attack DNA and membrane lipids, to increase plasma lipid.
It is also a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Disturbances related to the glucose homeostasis as well as complications associated
to dyslipidemia complexify management of diabetes, leading to alarming
and increasing prevalence. In fact, 451 million individuals aged 18-99 years were
reported to suffer from diabetes with more then 693 million of patients projected by 2045.
Such increasing prevalence is a public health concern and constitutes economic burden for governments.
It is why efforts are made everyday to improve health of diabetic patients.
Several oral drugs developed are used to reduce blood sugar.
These include inhibitors of digestive enzymes, which blocked alpha glucosidases,
inhibitors of intestinal absorption of glucose which inhibit membrane transporters
inhibitors of Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 which promote insulin secretion and molecules involved
in the capture of peripheral glucose.
Diabetes Res Open J. 2019; 6(1): 1-9. doi: 10.17140/DROJ-6-143
