Association of Fat Mass and Obesity Associated, Dopamine Receptor Type 2 and Ankyrin Repeat and Kinase Domain Containing 1 Genes with Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Risk: A Case-Control Study.
The regulation of food intake by the Central Nervous System (CNS) depends on the interaction of a homeostatic component that aims to balance energy and nutrients and a hedonic component, which seeks pleasure associated with food. The ingestion of highly palatable foods can deregulate the homeostatic control of appetite, perpetuating the stimulus to eat, which makes the intake primarily mediated by hedonic and non-homeostatic needs.
Cortico-limbic-striated structures and circuits form the Brain Reward System (BRS). BRS is activated by various stimuli that trigger a cascade of neurotransmitter secretion that ultimately
releases dopamine (DA), bringing a sense of pleasure and leading the individual to seek positive reinforcements.
Both obese and eutrophic groups had similar blood glucose levels. The obese group, however, showed higher-levels of insulin and HOMA-IR. The worsening of the situation of the pancreatic malfunction is related to obesity evolves to DM. We observed that TG levels were higher in the obese group, an expected result since these children also had elevated insulin and HOMA. Hypertriglyceridemia is a pervasive alteration in patients with obesity and is related to insulin resistance: obese patients with IR, even without DM2 installed, have selective hepatic IR: insulin cannot suppress hepatic glucose production while continuing to perpetuate lipogenesis, resulting in hypertriglyceridemia.
In conclusion, our results found that the risk alleles of the FTO, DRD2 and ANKK1 genes interfered with the outcome of pediatric obesity in Brazilian children. The higher number of the risk alleles of FTO and ANKK1 genes and the 3 genes combined significantly increased the mean Z-BMI of the obese group.
Obes Res Open J. 2021; 8(1): 1-14. doi: 10.17140/OROJ-8-145
