Chemical and Drug Use in Dairy Farms of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia

Haben Fesseha*, Saliman Aliye, Temesgen Kifle and Mesfin Mathewos

Chemical and Drug Use in Dairy Farms of Hawassa Town, Southern Ethiopia.

Human health is directly related to the environment and in particular the nature and quality of the food. Quality of food from animal products is widely concerning public health agencies around the world since veterinary drugs and chemicals have played an important role in the field of animal husbandry and agro-industry.  This may be due to the course of the resulting disease. Whilst infectious processes are frequently of the acute type, toxicosis caused by contaminants in foods (more than acute) may be chronic, silent and often lacking a known aetiological agent.

The potential for human exposure to hazardous chemical pollutants through the consumption of animal origin foods is an issue wrought with scientific and emotional complexities. Animal
origin foods are particularity susceptible to contamination with veterinary drugs, pesticides, heavy metals, aflatoxins, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and furans
(PCDD/Fs), nitrate/nitrite/nitrosamines and detergents/disinfectants to a lesser or greater extent for several reasons. However, the major sources of exposure to hazardous chemical pollutants and
environmental chemicals may contaminate animal feed and constitute a hazard not only to animal health but also to humans.

Foods from animals may also be contaminated with naturally occurring toxic substances, including bacterial toxins (botulinum toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins), mycotoxins (anatoxin and ochratoxin) and algal toxins (saxitoxin in shellfish). All the antimicrobial drugs administered to cows can enter the milk to some degree this leads to an immediate contamination of the prospective food compartments. A drug administered to a milk-producing animal has a withdrawal period, during which the drug residue should fall below a predetermined/maximum permissible level.

Public Health Open J. 2020; 5(1): 1-7. doi: 10.17140/PHOJ-5-137

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