Coronavirus Disease-2019, Diabetes and Dialysis in Southern Italy: The Second Wave Follow-up

Felice Strollo, Ersilia Satta, Carmine Romano, Carmelo Alfarone, Teresa Della Corte*, Giuseppina Guarino, Maria Pasquarella and Sandro Gentile

Coronavirus Disease-2019, Diabetes and Dialysis in Southern Italy: The Second Wave Follow-up

World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 20201
due to a rapidly spreading worldwide of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

In March 2020, Italy got the second-largest number of confirmed cases, after China.
The Italian government introduced progressive infection-mitigation measurements
on March 9 and March 11, 2020, to dramatically reduce social interactions and prevent virus spread.

Contagion cases dramatically decreased during the following months.
This led to progressively looser infection containment measures allowing free tourism
and commerce-related exchanges among regions and mask-based socialization within
coffee-bars, restaurants, pubs, and other gathering places while still adopting strict hand hygiene and proper.

inter-personal distancing. Unfortunately, as people interpreted that as fully regained
freedom and, after a while, school reopening caused unrestricted use of public transportation,
contagion rate progressively increased from August up to the present situation,
which represents a severe challenge for our National Health Service.

However, the two periods of COVID-19 pandemic markedly differed from each other
between February and April, most cases occurred in Northern Italy, being the Central
and Southern parts largely preserved while all regions appeared to be interchangeably under
attack during the second infection wave.

In April, the difference between the two national areas seemed to depend on unevenly distributed
weather and pollution conditions. The latter were mostly due to pressing industrial activities
involving the extensive use of public transportation by many workers undergoing long-term
confinement within closed environments to provide our country with scheduled production rates.

Diabetes Res Open J. 2020; 6(2): 37-46. doi: 10.17140/DROJ-6-148

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