Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis: How Best is CBNAAT when Compared to Conventional Methods of TB Detection?

Subhakar Kandi*, Vikasana Reddy and Sharath Burugina Nagaraja

Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis: How Best is CBNAAT when Compared to Conventional Methods of TB Detection?

India has the highest number of Tuberculosis cases in the world, with over two million TB cases every year. The control of TB is hampered by diagnostic methods with sub-optimal sensitivity, particularly for the detection of drug resistant forms and in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Early detection is essential to interrupt transmission and reduce the death rate, but the complexity and infrastructure needs sensitive methods which limit their accessibility and effect. According to WHO global TB report, the estimated incidence of TB is 2.2 million and prevalence is 2.5 million with mortality of 0.22 million.

There were 580,000 estimated new cases of MDRTB and Rifampicin resistant TB; among them 125,000 were enrolled. India, China and the Russian Federation accounted for 45% of all estimated MDR/RR-TB cases. India, one of the countries with high burden of TB, has an estimated
79,000 MDR-TB cases among notified pulmonary TB cases.

The estimated incidence of MDR-TB is 2% among new cases and 15% among re-treatment cases.  The sensitivity of smear microscopy and its inability to detect drug resistance limits its impact on TB control.

Culture methods and drug susceptibility testing is complex, time consuming, and takes around 6-8 weeks. While patients await diagnosis, they are likely to receive inappropriate or in effective treatment and consequently disease may progress.

This results in an increased chance of morbidity from tuberculosis. They continue to transmit drug-resistant TB to others; especially for family members and the resistance might have amplified.

In this study, we compared the CBNAAT results for diagnosis of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis with the conventional methods like sputum smear and solid culture examination.

Pulm Res Respir Med Open J. 2017; 4(2): 38-41. doi: 10.17140/PRRMOJ-4-137

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