Endometrial Cancer in the United States: A Review of the Current Literature

Oyinlola O. Fasehun*, Oluwatomi Owopetu, and Luther-King O. Fasehun

Endometrial Cancer in the United States: A Review of the Current Literature.

In its simplest description, endometrial cancer is cancer of, or from, the endometrium of the uterus-the innermost of the three major layers of the womb. It is worthy of note that there are
a few semantic distinctions among recognized expert bodies, for which one should be aware, in consideration of the literature. For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
distinguishes between cervical cancer and uterine cancer, of which endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer.

Endometrial cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide, with high-income countries reported to have a higher incidence (5.9%), compared to poorer countries (4.0%). In the United States, by the year 2016, cancers of the uterus ranked fourth highest (among all cancers) in terms of incident cancer cases among women, while also ranking sixth highest (among all cancers) in terms
of deaths of women. Other United States data show an increase in age-adjusted uterine cancer incidence rates, since about 2003, to current levels of 27.5 per 100,000 women per year.

Elevated estrogen levels, the postmenopausal state and obesity are high-ranking risk factors for endometrial cancer.11 The ACS also identifies the following risk factors: a history of endometrial hyperplasia, family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer, type II diabetes mellitus, use of an intra-uterine device, and any situation that alters the normal hormone balance in a woman
– for example, Tamoxifen (a drug used to treat breast cancer), pregnancy, ovarian tumors, polycystic ovarian syndrome, etc.

Women Health Open J
. 2020; 6(1): 10-13. doi: 10.17140/WHOJ-6-138

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