Loss of Pancreatic β-cell Secretory Function During Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – A Small Cross-Sectional Study.
Overt type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic progressive disease which is produced by the collusion of three metabolic defects-increased hepatic glucose production, impaired pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion and decreased insulin action. The measurement of plasma glucose 2 hours post-ingestion of 75 g of glucose during the oral glucose tolerance test may be used to classify individuals as normal glucose tolerant , impaired glucose tolerant, T2DM and T2DM with pancreatic β-cell failure.
This study was undertaken primarily to show the importance of assessing the pancreatic β-cell function especially during the care of the diabetic patient. A standard 75 g glucose tolerance test was administered to four groups of 8 subjects. Blood was drawn every 15 minutes for 2 hours for the measurement of glucose, insulin and C-peptide and the measurement of the area under the curve over the 2-hour period.
To diagnose diseases of specific endocrine organs, it is common practice to measure directly hormones produced by
those organs or measure the levels of the metabolites of those hormones.
For example, for the diseases of the adrenal gland, the measurement of plasma cortisol,
and androgens such as plasma dehydroepiandrosterone or urinary 17-ketosteroids or plasma renin
and aldosterone and plasma catecholamines and its metabolites plasma metanephrine and urinary vanillylmandelic acid.
For example, type 1 diabetes is produced by loss of pancreatic β-cell function, leading
to a deficiency of insulin and hyperglycemia, the onset of which
is often seen in children and young adults, and accounting for less
than 5% of the incidence of diabetes.
Pancreas Open J. 2019; 3(1): 1-8. doi: 10.17140/POJ-3-109
