Skin Autofluorescence a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Ages and Its Association to Metabolic Parameters in a Greek Diabetic Population

Kyriakos Kazakos, Maria Tzilini, Dimitris Folinas*, Maria Chatzidimitriou and Vassills Papaliangas

Skin Autofluorescence a Non-Invasive Biomarker of Ages and Its Association to Metabolic Parameters in a Greek Diabetic Population.

The accumulation of advanced glycation end-products on tissue proteins has been implicated
in the ageing of proteins and the progression of chronic age-related diseases such
as atherosclerosis, chronic renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease and diabetes mellitus.

AGEs and oxidative stress are two main contributors to the development of diabetic complications.
AGEs represent a heterogeneous substance class, produced through non enzymatic glycation of proteins,
lipids or nucleic acids within the so-called Maillard reaction.

The formation and accumulation of AGEs on long-lived proteins affects the structure and function
of proteins, enhances cytokine production and activates transcription factors via binding
to specific receptors.

In diabetes mellitus, AGEs accumulation in skin collagen is correlated both with
the duration and severity of hyperglycaemia, and with the presence of long-term complications.

In a diabetes control and complications trial sub-study, skin AGEs levels could account
for 19-36% of the variance in incidence of long-term diabetic complications in intensively
treated and for 14-51% in conventionally treated patients.

The above indicate that tissue AGEs accumulation may reflect the cumulative effect of hyperglycemia
and oxidative stress over many years.3-5 Simple quantitation of AGEs accumulation in tissue could
provide a tool for assessing tissue injury and the risk of long-term complications.

Diabetes Res Open J. 2021; 7(1): 6-11. doi: 10.17140/DROJ-7-151

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